Socialism and Ecology

Abstract

There is a widespread and apparently growing belief not only in this country but generally throughout the world that the kind of socialism that came into the world with the Russian Revolution of 1917—often referred to as "actually existing socialism"—has failed. What this means is of course neither obvious nor unambiguous, but I do not want to get into the problem of definitions. Indeed, I fully agree that there is a meaningful sense in which it can be said that actually existing socialism has failed. The real problem is, where do we go from there?

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